A Short Guide to the Best Biblical Commentaries and Reference Works
Preliminary Thoughts
This short guide is designed to help people in pastoral ministry and evangelism (1). While there are vast amounts of Bible commentaries and reference works available, not all are adequate to further personal understanding and growth in Scripture. One of the main reasons for this is that many such sources today do not hold to biblical inerrancy. Inerrancy means that the original writings of Scripture are free of error and do not contain any internal contradictions. This sets the standard for the sources referenced here, which are offset from critical theological approaches and positions, emanating from historical criticism (‘higher criticism’) such as self-labelled and so-called ‘egalitarianism,’ and ‘liberalism.’
While many sources dealt with in this article are older, such as Calvin’s commentary – they have in common, that they maintain aforementioned standard, and do not challenge God’s Word in any way. Therefore, they are essential and effective for a vast number of tasks, such as systematic theology, biblical theology, apologetics, homiletics, applied theology and evangelism. What makes them to be of quality is that they are Bible-based and Christ-centred, without compromising God’s Word.
Jesus is absolute truth (John 14:6; 15:5) and the Bible with its inerrancy is the solid foundation believers must build upon, in reverence and God-fearing devotion to our Lord. Our Lord tells us this Himself: “as Jesus said to them, ‘Did you never read in the Scriptures, ‘A STONE WHICH THE BUILDERS REJECTED, THIS HAS BECOME THE CHIEF CORNERSTONE; THIS CAME ABOUT FROM THE LORD, AND IT IS MARVELOUS IN YOUR EYES?’” (Matthew 21:42). Likewise, Jesus confirms our call to reverence for His Word, stating: “Heaven and earth will disappear, but my Words will not pass away.” (Matthew 24:35).
In light of this, may these resources bless you and your work, which you are doing as unto the Lord, and help you in your ministry, evangelism and your own personal relationship, as you develop and grow in Christ. Amen.
Note: That the resources listed here (at this time – April 2023) are legally freely accessible at the Internet Archive (Digital Library of Free & Borrowable Books) and (Fully free, no credit card needed) at: https://archive.org
Internet Archive is a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, software, music, websites, and more.
Old Testament Commentaries
GENESIS
★ Hamilton, Victor P. (NICOT) 2 vols., 1989– 95. Hamilton’s Handbook on the Pentateuch (1982, 2nd ed. 2005),
provides a survey with solid insights into exegetical details, foremost philology, semantics and syntax.
Helpful to students and pastors, who have an academic inclination. Well-written, and evangelistic in outlook.
Handbook on the Pentateuch: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
by Hamilton, Victor P. 1982.
https://archive.org/details/handbookonpentat0000hami
★ Hamilton, Victor P. The Book of Genesis, Chapters I-17. This commentary ranks among the best –
in contemporary evangelical scholarship. It holds to biblical infallibility, authority and is well-researched.
Nevertheless, the structural analysis of Genesis, relating to “toldedoths,” is inconclusive.
A similar challenge can be found in the author’s dealings with the composition of Genesis.
However, these issues do not undermine the overall Bible-based, Christ-centred momentum here.
The book of Genesis : chapters 1-17 by Hamilton, Victor P. 1992.
https://archive.org/details/bookofgenesischa0008hami_i0o4
★ Wenham, Gordon J. (WBC) 2 vols., 1987 – 94. An effective and desirable exegetical
reference, with almost 900pp. including the introductions. Here we have an excellent evangelical
commentary that covers virtually all interpretative details. The narrative structure is well-
analyzed, with sound theology, in tandem with an outstanding discourse on the Hebrew text.
Genesis 1-15, Volume 1 by Wenham, Gordon J. 2017.
https://archive.org/details/genesis1150001wenh_d0r9
Genesis. 16-50 by Wenham, Gordon J, 2015.
https://archive.org/details/genesis16500002wenh
EXODUS
★ Enns, Peter. (NIVAC) 2000. A full treatment at 600pp. Enns spent much time with
Exodus in his Harvard doctoral research. Good exegesis, with theological themes,
establishing relevant application. An annotated bibliography complements this resource.
Exodus by Enns, Peter, 2000.
https://archive.org/details/exodus0000enns
LEVITICUS
★ Hartley, John. (WBC) 1992. With a complete discussion of Leviticus, and a highly
detailed Hebrew exegesis, this resource also combines different critical trends on
the study of the Pentateuch. Overall, a conservative take, which can help a more
academically inclined pastor and evangelist.
Leviticus by Hartley, John E.
https://archive.org/details/leviticus0004hart
NUMBERS
★ Ashley, Timothy R. (NICOT) 1993. This vast commentary (650pp.) focuses on the Hebrew
text in great detail, along with good theological scrutiny and insights.
The book of Numbers by Ashley, Timothy R.
https://archive.org/details/bookofnumbers0000ashl
★ Wenham, Gordon J. (TOTC) 1981. High readability and keen insights are the major strengths of this
commentary. Evangelical pastors will benefit from this resource.
Numbers : an introduction and commentary by Wenham, Gordon J.
https://archive.org/details/numbersintroduct0000wenh
DEUTERONOMY
★ Block, Daniel I. (NIVAC) 2012. Good scholarly work with useful exegetical insights.
The commentary is both accessible to students, as well as seasoned preachers. While there
are some interpretative challenges, such as “viewing
Moses’s chief role as “pastor” to the nation and not seeing in 18:15, ultimately at
least, an anticipation of Christ (cf. Acts 3:22),” (Evans) it remains a valuable resource.
As it stands, this is a top first-choice on Deuteronomoy.
Deuteronomy by Block, Daniel Isaac.
https://archive.org/details/deuteronomy0000bloc
JOSHUA
★ Butler, Trent C. (WBC) 2 vols., 2nd ed. 2014. Erudite. The 1983 edition (310pp.) provided
more attention to archaeological findings. While some exegetical challenges exist, the major downside is the late
dating of this biblical text. The author offsets this, however, by many strengths, such as discussions on Hebrew,
aimed at scholarly pastors. Superb bibliographies.
Joshua by Butler, Trent C.
https://archive.org/details/joshua0007butl
JUDGES
★ Webb, Barry G. (NICOT) 2012.
This resource builds on the author’s dissertation, and excels in exegesis,
narratological discussion, and theological interpretation. The emphasis is not on
historical questions and, thereby, not extensive or meticulous. With evangelical
scholars improving Judges research, an extensive and challenging discourse can be found
in “The Wars of Judges as Christian Scripture,” RTR 67.1 (2008): 18 – 28.
The Book of Judges by Webb, Barry G.
https://archive.org/details/job121interpreta0000seow
RUTH
★ Hubbard, Robert L. (NICOT) 1988. This resource is among the best of its kind, with (316pp.)
Ever since it was published. Any pastor or evangelical person will have all they need
On Ruth, due to the author’s detailed and well-crafted commentary. The bibliography
draws on older resources which may pose a challenge for additional research.
The book of Ruth by Hubbard, Robert L., Jr.,
https://archive.org/details/bookofruth0000hubb
SAMUEL
★ Bergen, Robert D. (NAC) 1996. Bergen’s commentary (512pp.) is a top recommended resource.
This is due to the fact that is readable, balanced and provides good detail on literary, historical,
and theological issues. Bergen employs discourse analysis, and also is editor of a book dealing with
the areas of Biblical Hebrew and Discourse Linguistics (1994).
1, 2 Samuel by Bergen, Robert D
https://archive.org/details/12samuel0000berg
KINGS
★ House, Paul. (NAC) 1995. Aimed at conservative readers and evangelicals, this commentary
is well-balanced, exegetically and theologically detailed. A valuable resource.
1, 2 Kings by House, Paul R.
https://archive.org/details/12kings0000hous
CHRONICLES
★ Dillard, Raymond. 2 Chronicles (WBC) 1987. Dillard’s commentary exemplifies
good OT scholarship. While the interpretation of theology is at times creative, this
is not a drawback, since the author is steadfast maintaining inerrancy. For both, scholars
and pastors this is an excellent choice.
2 Chronicles by Dillard, Raymond Bryan
https://archive.org/details/2chronicles0015dill
★ Selman, Martin J. (TOTC) 2 vols., 1994. This work belongs into any pastor’s library, since
with over 500pp. it provides everything needed on both books of Chronicles. The emphasis
is on theology, and it is as such well-versed, holding tightly to a conservative view.
1 Chronicles : an introduction and commentary by Selman, Martin J.,
https://archive.org/details/1chroniclesintro0000selm
2 Chronicles : a commentary by Selman, Martin J.
https://archive.org/details/2chroniclescomme0000selm
EZRA – NEHEMIAH
★ McConville, J. G. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther (DSB) 1985. What makes this resource stand out is its
meticulous scholarship. The commentary provides a helpful devotional exposition. A little gem with
its own appealing idiosyncrasies.
Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther by McConville, J. G. (J. Gordon).
https://archive.org/details/ezranehemiahesth0000mcco
ESTHER
★ Jobes, Karen H. (NIVAC) 1999. Jobes resource builds on her dissertation of the Septuagint,
and her inclination is to improve scholarship on Esther, since it has been frequently ignored.
The emphasis is on application and theology, including a vast amount of exegesis. A great primer
for pastors and teachers.
Esther by Jobes, Karen H
https://archive.org/details/esther0000jobe
JOB
★ Hartley, John. (NICOT) 1988. Hartley’s commentary is extensive (550pp.) and focuses
on the theology and literary characteristics of Job. Text critical challenges are addressed, yet
this resource maintains a conservative approach, which is appreciated. Despite the vast amount
of scholarship on this OT book, this resource ranks among the best evangelical sources to date.
The book of Job by Hartley, John E.
https://archive.org/details/bookofjob0000hart
PSALMS
★ Wilson, Gerald H. Psalms Volume 1 (NIVAC) 2002. With an emphasis on exegesis, instead
of academic scholarship, this work covering Psalms 1 to 72, provides a solid basis for studying
the Psalter. Anyone engaged in evangelical exposition should benefit from this work.
Psalms by Gerald Henry Wilson.
https://archive.org/details/psalmsfrombiblic00wils
PROVERBS
★ Longman, Tremper, III. (BCOT) 2006. Longman’s How to Read Proverbs (2002) [RelSRev 7/03; CTJ 11/04],
is highly readable. It provides a detailed introduction and hermeneutical guide. It is guided by excellent scholarship,
and emphasizes the theology and ethics of Proverbs, making it ideal for pastors, since it covers a range of topics found.
in the biblical text.
How to read Proverbs by Longman, Tremper.
https://archive.org/details/howtoreadproverb0000long
★ Waltke, Bruce. (NICOT) 2 vols., 2004– 05. Waltke did it. This commentary is by far the very best
resource on Proverbs currently available. It emphasis theology and is unswervingly conservative. The
onus is on Hebrew grammar, and meticulously discusses the Hebrew text. Well-balanced resource
making it a good choice for students and pastors. For an inspiring example of how Waltke
sees the wisdom of Proverbs applied to our cultural context, see “Righteousness in
Proverbs” in WTJ 70.2 (2008). [RTR 12/06; WTJ Spr 06; CBQ 4/08; JTS 4/06; JETS 9/05, 6/06; Int
4/06; BSac 10/06; BL 2005, 2006; JAOS 126.1 (harsh); VT 57.3; RBL; JHebS; CurTM 6/07]
The book of Proverbs by Waltke, Bruce K.
https://archive.org/details/bookofproverbs0001walt
★ Kidner, Derek. Kidner’s book is not really a commentary, but rather a compilation
of verse-by-verse textual notes. Proverbs is a book full of wisdom, and yet demands the reader
to use and apply God-given wisdom. Useful study aids are included, such as a guide to subjects.
This is resource may not be a first choice for a preacher, since it is geared at a more general
readership.
The Proverbs: An introduction and commentary by the Rev. Derek Kidner
https://archive.org/details/proverbsintroduc0000revd
ECCLESIASTES
★ Hubbard, David A. While Hubbard’s Ecclesiastes-Song of Solomon (WCC) 1993, is helpful,
this smaller book is full of good insights. It is not a commentary as such, but provides a solid
start for both student and pastor.
Beyond futility: Messages of hope from the Book of Ecclesiastes by Hubbard, David Allan.
https://archive.org/details/beyondfutilityme0000hubb
SONG OF SONGS
★ Hess, Richard S. (BCOT) 2005. A well-written conception and careful evangelical scholarship.
The book considers other essential scholarly work, and also provides helpful discernment on
archeological, Semitic and cultural topics. A solid resource overall.
Song of Songs by Hess, Richard S.
https://archive.org/details/songofsongs0000hess
ISAIAH
★ Childs, Brevard S. (OTL) 2001. While this work stands as a key interpretation, there remain
exegetical issues, since not all of this work is conservative. However, despite these challenges,
arising from redaction criticism, and lack of theological depth, it does have value for students.
Primarily, this is because of the helpful bibliography and historical interpretation.
In sum, this may not be the best first choice on Isaiah, and Motyer (see below) is far better.
Isaiah by Childs, Brevard S.
https://archive.org/details/isaiah0000chil
★ Motyer, J. Alec. 1993. Motyer’s commentary stands out for its exposition and exegesis.
It is at this time the best monograph on Isaiah. Evangelicals can appreciate it for not yielding
to critical challenges about authorial issues. Motyer can be considered a reliable specialist on
Isaiah and this comes through in structural analysis, remarks on theology and Christocentricity.
This is the best first choice on Isaiah by far.
Isaiah: an introduction and commentary by Motyer, J. A.
https://archive.org/details/isaiahintroducti0000moty
★ Oswalt, John. (NICOT) 2 vols., 1986 – 98. For those who are seeking a foundational
conservative approach, Oswalt combines skilled scholarship in analysing grammar,
and aspects of textual criticism. He highlights the core theological points in Isaiah well.
The Book of Isaiah. Chapters 1-39 by Oswalt, John N.
https://archive.org/details/bookofisaiahchap0000oswa
JEREMIAH
★ Thompson, J. A. (NICOT) 1980. While the theological discourse could have been longer,
the introduction compensates for this. The discussion on historical characteristics is solid.
Recommended for conservative evangelicals, pastors and theologians.
The book of Jeremiah by Thompson, J. A. (John Arthur).
https://archive.org/details/bookofjeremiah0000thom
LAMENTATIONS
★ Calvin, John. (GS) 1563. Look no further than the Reformer himself for a
solid arrangement of lectures, making this the number one go-to source.
Calvin emphasizes the bleakness and suffering of the Israelites,
as Jeremiah records God’s will for His people.
John Calvin: Commentary on Jeremiah and Lamentations.
https://ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom21/calcom21.i.html
★ Lamentations (New Century Bible Commentary) 1991. Provan, who is both a pastor,
and Professor of Biblical Studies, tackles the inherent challenges many experience who
are studying the Lamentations. The commentary focuses on a reader-response to discovering
the meaning of the text, which is a welcome approach. Provan also wrote a good commentary
on 1 and 2 Kings.
Lamentations by Provan, Iain W.
https://archive.org/details/lamentations0000prov
EZEKIEL
★ Block, Daniel. (NICOT) 2 vols., 1997– 98. This commentary is substantial (over 1700pp.).
It covers a wide range of topics, and places the onus on grammar, translation concerns,
and structure. The meticulous exegesis stands out, and while there are elements of rhetorical
and form criticism, they do not undermine the good scholarship at work here. The verse-by-verse
exegesis is a highlight. Academically inclined evangelicals and pastors will benefit here. An
assortment of other articles Block wrote on Ezekiel can be found in two 2013 vols:
By the River Chebar, and Beyond the River Chebar [BBR 24.3;
JSOT 38.5; ExpTim 2/15; RelSRev 6/14].
The Book of Ezekiel by Block, Daniel Isaac.
https://archive.org/details/bookofezekiel0001bloc
DANIEL
★ Baldwin, Joyce G. (TOTC) 1978. Ever since this work appeared, it has been
embraced by both critical and conservative commentators. The latter, into
which category this work falls, is well-established throughout. A good introduction,
helpful theology, and careful exegetical analysis show a keen sense of insight into
this challenging prophet. A solid pick for conservative evangelicals.
Daniel: an introduction and commentary by Baldwin, Joyce G
https://archive.org/details/danielintroducti0000bald
HOSEA
★ Stuart, Douglas. Hosea – Jonah (WBC) 1987. Following in line with Calvin’s views,
and interpretative approach, Stuart provides a stand-out work that is well-balanced.
This resource accentuates a detailed analysis of linguistic, textual and theological evidence.
Superb first-choice for any serious student and pastor.
Hosea-Jonah by Stuart, Douglas K.
https://archive.org/details/hoseajonah0031stua
JOEL
★ Robertson, O. Palmer. The Christ of the prophets stands out.
It is an exceptional study of Old Testament prophecy, with an ample
theological introduction. As an American Christian theologian and biblical scholar,
Robertson has taught at many schools with a Reformed position.
The Christ of the prophets by Robertson, O. Palmer.
https://archive.org/details/christofprophets0000robe
AMOS
★ Garrett, Duane. Hosea, Joel (NAC) 1997. While the level of scholarly aspects
in this work does not reach the benchmark set by AB, WBC and ICC, Garrett does
provide us with an unyielding OT commentary. In contrast to his work found in the
NAC on Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs; this one is superior. As such,
this firm resource caters to conservative readers and is a recommended option for
both evangelicals and pastors.
Amos: a handbook on the Hebrew text by Garrett, Duane A.
https://archive.org/details/amoshandbookonhe0000garr
OBADIAH
★ Baker, David W. Joel, Obadiah, Malachi (NIVAC) 2006. As with other commentaries in this series, the
goal is to balance the original meaning with a contemporary application of the biblical text. While Baker
does not excel on the latter, most times he does a great job on dealing with the core passages. Overall, a
viable exposition which meets a need.
Obadiah : an introduction and commentary by Baker, David W.
https://archive.org/details/obadiahintroduct0000bake
JONAH
★ Stuart, Douglas. Hosea – Jonah (WBC) 1987. Following in line with Calvin’s views,
and interpretative approach, Stuart provides a stand-out work that is well-balanced.
This resource accentuates a detailed analysis of linguistic, textual and theological evidence.
Reports of a forthcoming revision by Stuart are available. [JETS 9/92] and provide more
insights. [JBL Spr 92; CBQ 1/93; Int 7/92; JNES 4/95; AsTJ Fall 92].
Good choice for pastors and evangelicals.
Hosea-Jonah by Stuart, Douglas K.
https://archive.org/details/hoseajonah0031stua
MICAH
★ Waltke, Bruce K. A Commentary on Micah, 2007. Waltke wrote three works on Micah.
This is his latest work, and provides the fullest evangelical exegesis available to date.
Grammar, history and Hebrew analysis are what makes this commentary stand out.
A commentary on Micah by Waltke, Bruce K.
https://archive.org/details/commentaryonmica0000walt
NAHUM
★ Robertson, O. Palmer. Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah (NICOT) 1990. This excellent,
unique, triple commentary stands out, due to its theological exposition. The emphasis is not
on grammar or textual criticism, which may be a challenge for students. Robertson places
the prophets in their historical context well. He structures his work in three parts:
Redemptive-Historical Setting, theological perspective and shape of the prophecies.
While recommendable overall, this source may be supplemented with additional commentaries,
for those within a greater academic setting, or those doing more in-depth research.
Helpful, useful and insightful, Robertson provides a solid conservative commentary.
The books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah by Robertson, O. Palmer.
https://archive.org/details/booksofnahumhaba0000robe
HABAKKUK
★ Robertson, O. Palmer. Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah (NICOT) 1990. This excellent,
unique, triple commentary stands out, due to its theological exposition. The emphasis is not
on grammar or textual criticism, which may be a challenge for students. Robertson places
the prophets in their historical context well. He structures his work in three parts:
Redemptive-Historical Setting, theological perspective and shape of the prophecies.
While recommendable overall, this source may be supplemented with additional commentaries,
for those within a greater academic setting, or those doing more in-depth research.
Helpful, useful and insightful, Robertson provides a solid conservative commentary.
The books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah by Robertson, O. Palmer.
https://archive.org/details/booksofnahumhaba0000robe
ZEPHANIAH
★ Robertson, O. Palmer. Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah (NICOT) 1990. This excellent,
unique, triple commentary stands out, due to its theological exposition. The emphasis is not
on grammar or textual criticism, which may be a challenge for students. Robertson places
the prophets in their historical context well. He structures his work in three parts:
Redemptive-Historical Setting, theological perspective and shape of the prophecies.
While recommendable overall, this source may be supplemented with additional commentaries,
for those within a greater academic setting, or those doing more in-depth research.
Helpful, useful and insightful, Robertson provides a solid conservative commentary.
The books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah by Robertson, O. Palmer.
https://archive.org/details/booksofnahumhaba0000robe
HAGGAI
★ Boda, Mark J. Haggai and Zechariah Research: A Bibliographic Survey (2003) is well-written.
While theology and exegesis stand out, the application could be a bit more pronounced.
Notably, Boda completed a dissertation at Cambridge University on Zechariah, so it is no surprise that his
commentary – Haggai, Zechariah (NIVAC) 2004 – stands out and excels on an academic level.
As such his commentary could be a good supplement to his survey, for additional study.
Good and helpful resource overall.
Haggai & Zechariah research: A bibliographic survey by Boda, Mark J.
https://archive.org/details/haggaizechariahr0000boda
ZECHARIAH
★ Boda, Mark J. Haggai and Zechariah Research: A Bibliographic Survey (2003) is well-written.
While theology and exegesis stand out, the application could be a bit more pronounced.
Notably, Boda completed a dissertation at Cambridge University on Zechariah, so it is no surprise that his
commentary – Haggai, Zechariah (NIVAC) 2004 – stands out and excels on an academic level.
As such his commentary could be a good supplement to his survey, for additional study.
Good and helpful resource overall.
Haggai & Zechariah research: a bibliographic survey by Boda, Mark J.
https://archive.org/details/haggaizechariahr0000boda
MALACHI
★ Hill, Andrew. (AB) 1998. This is by far the preeminent evangelical commentary
on Malachi. The reason is the full-length exegesis (425pp.) which is manifested
in its theological contemplation. Additional resources may be needed, though, for
those seeking grammatical and linguistic insights.
Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi : an introduction and commentary by Hill, Andrew E.
https://archive.org/details/haggaizechariahm0028hill
New Testament Commentaries
MATTHEW
★ France, Richard T. (NICNT) 2007. R. T. France or Dick France,
was a New Testament scholar and Anglican cleric. He took over the
NICNT on Matthew, from Guelich, Charette and McKnight, hereby crafting
an outstanding commentary. Evangelicals and pastors will benefit here from
top-notch scholarship and academic rigor. As Agan points out, we must be
aware of several of the theologically and exegetically and controversial views [Presb Spr 09] .
Thus, a warning here: His argument that the “coming of the Son of Man” in 24:29 – 31 does
Not refer to the parousia is problematic. [JTS 10/08; CJ Win 09;
BL 2008; ExpTim 2/08; RelSRev 12/08; JETS 12/08 (Turner); BSac 10/08; Anvil 25.3].
The Gospel according to Matthew : an introduction and commentary
by France, R. T.
https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0000fran
MARK
★ Edwards, James. (Pillar) 2002. Edwards has crafted a big (552-page) solid
work here, given the well-written, rewarding theological discourse and exegesis.
Non-biblical Jewish literature can be seen as an asset, which complements his
narrative analysis and coverage of historical context. Recommended.
The Gospel according to Mark by Edwards, James R.
https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0000edwa
★ France, Richard T. (NIGTC) 2002. France has written a viable resource, that
stands out foremost on his analysis of the Greek text. Shines as a solid reference
work, yet we cannot ignore several of the theologically and exegetically views which
are problematic at times. While remaining a useful resource, Robert H. Stein’s
commentary on Mark may be a better first choice (Mark in the Baker Exegetical
Commentary on the New Testament).
The Gospel of Mark : a commentary on the Greek text by France, R. T.
https://archive.org/details/gospelofmarkcomm0000fran
★ Garland, David. Garland’s A Theology of Mark’s Gospel (2015), is a great choice
for both the expositor and the academic. At (650pp.) it is all-encompassing, and
reveals a keen understanding of the Gospels. Note that Garland also writes for the
(NIVAC) 1996 series. A solid, well-rounded resource. Highly recommended.
A theology of Mark’s Gospel : good news about Jesus the Messiah, the Son of God
by Garland, David E.
https://archive.org/details/theologyofmarksg0000garl
LUKE
★ Bock, Darrell. (BECNT) 2 vols., 1994 – 96. Bock served on the faculty at Dallas Seminary,
and brings us an extensive evangelical work (almost 1000pp.) which makes it stand out.
This commentary is detailed and unsurpassed in many ways. Despite the high academic
level it is remarkably readable. Bock emphasizes issues of grammar and history, and this
work remains a good choice for a broad spectrum of readers.
Luke by Bock, Darrell L.
https://archive.org/details/luke0000bock
JOHN
★ Carson, Donald. (Pillar) 1991. Carson ranks among the best evangelical biblical scholars today.
This commentary is characterized by sound doctrine and superb research. Despite its
length (700pp.) it is well-readable and helpful in terms of exposition and theology. A
great choice for evangelicals.
The Gospel according to John by Carson, D. A. (Donald Arthur).
https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0000cars
★ Michaels, J. Ramsey. (NICNT replacement) 2010. Right after Carson’s work on John,
Michaels is certainly a second good choice. It is extensive (at about 1100pp.), and may
be somewhat intimidating, yet its level of detail is an asset. He does not engage all
existing Johannine scholarship, and yet provides a fresh view on the Fourth Gospel.
The emphasis is not on background or historical issues, but rather on Greek and straightforward
exegesis. Michaels has also written commentaries on 1 Peter, Revelation,
and Hebrews. While not a first choice for pastors, for researchers and evangelicals it may
be a first option.
The Gospel of John by Michaels, J. Ramsey.
https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0000mich
★ Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary, ET 1997. Ridderbos
has crafted a comprehensive work with excellent theology. With good scholarship,
a challenge for newcomers may be the language used. A viable resource, but not a first
choice for all.
The Gospel according to John : a theological commentary by Ridderbos, Herman N.
https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0000ridd
ACTS
★ Bock, Darrell. (BECNT) 2007. Subsequent to the double-volume set on Luke, Bock
continues his grammatical and historical exegetical approach. While the Greek text
is not the main focus here, this commentary is nevertheless helpful and useful in
many ways, emphasizing theological aspects. Pastors and students may want to
consider Walton and Porter. [BL 2008; ExpTim 1/09; JETS 12/08; ExpTim 11/09; Int 7/09].
Acts by Bock, Darrell L.
https://archive.org/details/acts0000bock
ROMANS
★ Moo, Douglas. (NICNT replacement) 1996. This commentary is vast (1000pp.) and
provides a solid basis for any serious evangelical, due to the discerning exegesis and
theology. Reformed theology stands out here, and Moo does engage the New Perspective
(Sanders and Dunn). An obvious first choice for all.
The Epistle to the Romans by Moo, Douglas J.
https://archive.org/details/epistletoromans0000mood
★ Schreiner, Thomas R. (BECNT) 1998. As impactful Reformed New Testament scholar,
Schreiner offers a solid Calvinistic approach. Well-written and insightful discourse on
Pauline studies, and valuable for his no nonsense approach to non-conservatives, such
As E. P. Sanders. A trustworthy resource, while not as astute as Moo, this is a good choice
For pastors on Romans.
Romans by Schreiner, Thomas R.
https://archive.org/details/romans0000schr
1 CORINTHIANS
★ Ciampa, Roy E., and Brian S. Rosner. (Pillar) 2010. The authors have provided a
superb commentary which stands out in many ways – cultural and literary contexts,
rhetorical considerations, as well as good application reveal a solid hand and literary
finesse, as well as linguistic intricacy. While lengthy (870pp.) this work does justice to
Pauline understanding of the OT. Using a biblical theological approach, this commentary
is both foundational and advanced, yet understandable on a theological and exegetical
level. An asset to any preacher, pastor and theologian.
The first letter to the Corinthians by Ciampa, Roy E.
https://archive.org/details/firstlettertocor0000ciam
2 CORINTHIANS
★ Barnett, Paul. (NICNT replacement) 1997. Barnett provides a good evangelical commentary.
The introduction is thoughtful, the theology is sound and the author preserves the
unity of the epistle, in contrast to those who hold to a problematic three-letter compilation view.
As it stands, this is a very good choice for pastors.
The Second Epistle to the Corinthians by Barnett, Paul (Paul William).
https://archive.org/details/secondepistletoc0000barn
★ Harris, Murray J. (NIGTC) 2005. Without a doubt this is a definitive NIGTC commentary (800 pages).
Good exegesis, well-written and providing scholarly clarity. A conservative entry all along,
with a high level of detail, yet clear and concise at the same time. Chronology, historicity and
theology are discussed. There is also a meticulous discourse on grammatical issues. The
bibliography is extensive. A conservative work that belongs in every personal library.
The Second Epistle to the Corinthians: a commentary on the Greek text by Harris, Murray J.
https://archive.org/details/secondepistletoc0000harr
GALATIANS
★ Moo, Douglas J. Galatians (BECNT) 2013. Moo offers solid scholarship here. The author
engages relevant literature, provides strong theology insights, while revealing himself
as a reputable scholar of the Pauline ouvre. Superb exegesis. Highly recommended
for students and pastors.
Galatians by Moo, Douglas J.
https://archive.org/details/galatians0000mood
EPHESIANS
★ Arnold, Clinton E. Powers of darkness. 1992. Arnold’s book is a rock solid work,
that does not compromise on evangelical doctrine. The scholarship is excellent and
helpful. A useful resource for expositors, and helpful exegesis. Solid and dependable
theological exposition. Recommended for both students and pastors.
Powers of darkness : principalities & powers in Paul’s letters by Arnold, Clinton E.
https://archive.org/details/powersofdarkness0000arno
★ Thielman, Frank. Ephesians (BECNT) 2010. Readable and understandable commentary which
does not shy away from the Greek text. Exegetically vast (520pp.) this resource stands out in
rendering and relating ancient literature and rhetoric. Good interaction with concurrent
scholarship and theological exposition. Both students and pastors seeking a solid exegesis
of the original will benefit from this good commentary.
Ephesians by Thielman, Frank.
https://archive.org/details/ephesians0000thie
PHILIPPIANS
★ Fee, Gordon. (NICNT) 1995. Fee is an exceptional Pauline scholar and this work is
helpful in many ways. This is the case since the application he provides is accessible and
sound. The theology and exegesis could be more meticulous, and thus, may not be the
best choice for more advanced study. Recommended for newcomers and students who
are looking for a good introductory commentary.
Paul’s Letter to the Philippians by Fee, Gordon D.
https://archive.org/details/paulslettertophi0000feeg
COLOSSIANS
★ Garland, David E. (NIVAC) 1998. Colossians – Philemon. In this commentary Garland deals with
applicable scholarship, such as Dunn. This resource informs the reader about homiletical approaches,
covers a threefold range of topics, namely original meaning, bridging contexts, and contemporary
significance. While the format could have been improved for preachers, Greek language and in-depth
background considerations, help and further an understanding of both Colossians and Philemon. While
not a first choice, this commentary does provide good insights and encourages further study.
Colossians – Philemon by David E. Garland.
https://archive.org/details/colossiansphilem0000garl
1 – 2 THESSALONIANS
★ Fee, Gordon. (NICNT replacement) 2009. Fee offers a basic introductory commentary here.
While the introduction could be a bit longer and exhaustive, and scholarly interaction could
be more pronounced, the exegetical section is solid and well-organized. Both students and
pastors can appreciate the level of theological reflection, however eschatological deliberations,
could have been more in-depth.
The First and Second Letters to the Thessalonians by Fee, Gordon D.
https://archive.org/details/firstsecondlette0000feeg
THE PASTORAL EPISTLES
1 Timothy
2 Timothy
Titus
★ Mounce, William. (WBC) 2000. Mounce offers us a vast commentary (600pp.) which
provides meticulous exegetical scholarship expounding the Greek, with an emphasis on
grammar. This is top rock-solid evangelical resource, that avoids any form of compromise
on Bible-based, Christ-centred theology. Recommended for students, pastors and evangelicals.
Pastoral Epistles by Mounce, William D.
https://archive.org/details/pastoralepistles0000moun
★ Towner, Philip H. (NICNT) 2006. While Mounce may be the best option
for traditional conservative evangelicals, Towner does not solidly defend
the epistles’ authenticity, holding to an egalitarian notion. Nevertheless, this work
does stand out for its theological deliberations, which make it a helpful commentary.
It is a large work (886pp.), and can be appreciated by many, despite not delving into
applied theology. Mounce remains first choice, yet this may be an option for those
interested specifically in Greek analysis.
The letters to Timothy and Titus by Towner, Philip H.
https://archive.org/details/letterstotimothy0000town
PHILEMON
★ Garland, David E. (NIVAC) 1998. Colossians – Philemon. In this commentary Garland deals with
applicable scholarship, such as Dunn. This resource informs the reader about homiletical approaches,
covers a threefold range of topics, namely original meaning, bridging contexts, and contemporary
significance. While the format could have been improved for preachers, Greek language and in-depth
background considerations, help and further an understanding of both Colossians and Philemon. While
not a first choice, this commentary does provide good insights and encourages further study.
Colossians – Philemon by David E. Garland.
https://archive.org/details/colossiansphilem0000garl
HEBREWS
★ Cockerill, Gareth Lee. (NICNT) 2012. This is a mainly academic, comprehensive
commentary (750pp.), which does not shine theologically, but does excel in structural,
rhetorical and exegetical analysis. The Arminian impulse runs throughout this work,
and Reformed positions are not perpetuated. Keeping this in mind, Guthrie’s work on
Hebrews may certainly be a better alternative for students and pastors.
The Epistle to the Hebrews by Cockerill, Gareth Lee.
https://archive.org/details/epistletohebrews0000cock
★ Guthrie, George H. (NIVAC) 1998. Here we have a good commentary on Hebrews,
standing out, due to detailed research and high level of readability. For anyone desiring
to learn more about the structure of the biblical text, this is the go-to resource. Also worth
mentioning is the fact that the author, exegetically, does not shy away
from internal inherent textual challenges, but rather tackles many head-on. Theology and
homiletics are part of this useful exposition covering a wide range of aspects.
Overall, a worthwhile work for pastors and evangelicals.
Hebrews by George H. Guthrie.
https://archive.org/details/hebrews00guth
JAMES
★ Moo, Douglas. (Pillar) 2000. Moo is a preeminent NT scholar and expert in Pauline
research, as seen in his work on Romans. This commentary on James shows his wider NT
expertise, and we have here a 200pp. reading of the epistle. The introduction itself is extensive
and worth reading, its theology and exegetical insights are a highlight. Moo offers many
fresh insights in interpreting James, and there is solid interaction with other scholarship.
Recommended for pastors, theologians and evangelicals, since it is a wonderful resource,
that appeals to people of various stripes.
Note, that Moo also has a wonderful selection of his scholarly articles freely
available, at: http://www.djmoo.com/dougs-articles
The letter of James by Moo, Douglas J.
https://archive.org/details/letterofjames0000mood
1 PETER
★ Davids, Peter. (NICNT) 1990. Davids has crafted a well-written, accessible and attractive
work here. It stands out in that it is well-balanced, pairing brevity and meticulous research.
Both exegetically and theologically this commentary is helpful. Ideal for any student
and pastor trying to get to the root of this epistle. Highly recommended.
The first epistle of Peter by Davids, Peter H.
https://archive.org/details/firstepistleofpe0000davi
2 PETER
★ Davids, Peter H. 2 Peter and Jude. This handbook (2011) is aimed at people who are interested in Koine Greek, and
thus, is better suited for advanced learners. Grammar, linguistics, and textual criticism are emphasized here,
and the goal of this book is to prepare students to do exegesis and exposition. Linguistic theories are not
at the forefront of this book, and Davids stands out for his in-depth theological insights which complement
the Greek studies. A good resource overall, while not the best first choice. Richard Bauckham’s 2 Peter, Jude
may be a better option.
2 Peter and Jude : a handbook on the Greek text by Davids, Peter H.
https://archive.org/details/2peterjudehandbo0000davi
THE EPISTLES OF JOHN
★ Stott, John R. W. (TNTC) 1964, rev. 1988. Stott shines here by providing exemplary scholarly writing as
well as pastoral theological application. The Johannine epistles are broken down into smaller segments,
which helps in terms of diving into a verse by verse approach. While technical in parts, there is a sense of
devotional application, which is common for the style of writing common to Stott. For more in-depth
scholarly analysis additional resources may be needed. Definitely a good commentary for pastors,
yet also for a more general readership.
The Letters of John: an introduction and commentary by Stott, John R. W.
https://archive.org/details/thelettersofjohn0000stot
JUDE
★ Davids, Peter H. 2 Peter and Jude. This handbook (2011) is aimed at people who are interested in Koine Greek, and
thus, is better suited for advanced learners. Grammar, linguistics, and textual criticism are emphasized here,
and the goal of this book is to prepare students to do exegesis and exposition. Linguistic theories are not
at the forefront of this book, and Davids stands out for his in-depth theological insights which complement
the Greek studies. A good resource overall, while not the best first choice. Richard Bauckham’s 2 Peter, Jude
may be a better option.
2 Peter and Jude : a handbook on the Greek text by Davids, Peter H.
https://archive.org/details/2peterjudehandbo0000davi
REVELATION
Note here: Since there are different main approaches to address the eschatology
of Revelation, a definitive commentary recommendation is challenging:
“(1) preterist: immediate historical context and is mostly already fulfilled;
(2) historicist: Revelation predicts the whole course of Christian history;
(3) futurist: Revelation is primarily fulfilled in the final events of history — there
are both simpler and wildly extreme interpretive positions here; (4) idealist: Revelation
is a symbolic portrayal of the struggle between God and Satan, not so
tied to historical events.” (Evans, 426-427). The scope of any interpretation will inevitably
be informed by an author’s eschatological views. Hence, while pointing out that there is
a vast amount of unscholarly literature abounding on the edge of sensationalism, the four
resources here, do hold essentially to inerrancy, while at times, not without their own
internal issues of integrity. The reader should prayerfully surrender to our Lord Jesus in
everything, and keep their hearts focused on His cross, guided and supported by the Holy
Spirit.
★ Beale, G. K. (NIGTC) 1999. Beale has crafted one of the best (if not the best)
evangelical resource here, and the emphasis is on the Greek NT. Solid exegesis, based
on a solid understanding of the OT background, however the impact of Ezekiel is not
established well-enough. Nevertheless, a top-notch first choice, and readers may also
want to consider Revelation: A Shorter Commentary (2015) as an alternative or
supplement.
The book of Revelation : a commentary on the Greek text by Beale, G. K. (Gregory K.).
https://archive.org/details/bookofrevelation0000beal
★ Keener, Craig S. (NIVAC) 2000. Keener is a prominent scholar and expert in NT biblical studies.
His view on Revelation is effectively somewhere grounded amid premillennialism and amillennialism.
This commentary stands out for its good readability, awareness of other schools of thought,
and encouraging students and preachers to think through some of the challenges inherent and
unique to Revelation. Both students and expositors will benefit from this resource.
Revelation by Keener, Craig S.
https://archive.org/details/revelation0000keen
★ Mounce, Robert. (NICNT) 1977, rev. 1998. Mounce was and remains one of the best
evangelical scholars on the last book of the Bible. The reason for this is the exhaustive
treatment of theological themes and topics, as well as superb exegetical work of the original
Greek text. Students and pastors holding to or interested in a historic premillennial view, will
benefit here. What is more, is that Mounce does not simply dismiss amillennialism, but engages
with it in an even-handed way. [CTJ 13.2; JBL 9/79; EvQ 7/78, 7/99; TJ Spr 00; RelSRev 4/01] .
The Book of Revelation by Mounce, Robert H.
https://archive.org/details/bookofrevelation0000moun
★ Osborne, Grant. (BECNT) 2002. If a reader is overwhelmed by Beale’s opus on Revelation,
this commentary may be a viable alternative. Emphasizing the Greek writing, Osborne holds
to premillennialism of chapter twenty, which comes to fruition in his analysis and interpretation.
Contrary interpretative views are dealt with in an even-handed manner, which is appreciated,
and thereby invites us to consider other perceptions and theological positions. A recommended
resource for all evangelicals.
Revelation Baker Exegetical Commentary by Grant R. Osborne.
https://archive.org/details/RevelationBakerExegeticalCommentary
Abbreviations
JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament
JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series
JSS Journal of Semitic Studies
JTI Journal of Theological Interpretation
JTS Journal of Theological Studies
KAT Kommentar zum Alten Testament
KEK Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament
(Meyer-Kommentar)
KJV King James Version
LHBOTS The Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies
LXX Septuagint
MS(S) manuscripts
MT Masoretic Text
n.d. no date
NEB New English Bible
NIDNTT New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. Edited by
Colin Brown. 4 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975 – 1978, 1986
NIDNTTE New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology & Exege-
sis. Edited by Moisés Silva. 5 vols. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zonder-
van, 2014
NIDOTTE New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology & Exegesis.
Edited by Willem A. VanGemeren. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zonder-
van, 1997
NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary. Edited by I.
Howard Marshall and Donald A. Hagner. 14 vols. Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1982 –
NIV New International Version
NJPS Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Translation according to
the Traditional Hebrew Text
NovT Novum Testamentum
NPP New Perspective on Paul (see Dunn under Pauline Studies)
NRSV New Revised Standard Version
NSBT New Studies in Biblical Theology
NTS New Testament Studies
o/p out of print
OTA Old Testament Abstracts
OTE Old Testament Essays
OUP Oxford University Press
P&R Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing Co.
pb paperback
PCA Presbyterian Church in America
PCUSA Presbyterian Church (USA)
Presb Presbyterion
PRSt Perspectives in Religious Studies
PSB Princeton Seminary Bulletin
RB Revue biblique
RBL Review of Biblical Literature (online, only partially in print)
RelSRev Religious Studies Review
repr. reprinted
rev. revised
RevExp Review and Expositor
RSV Revised Standard Version
RTR Reformed Theological Review
RTS Reformed Theological Seminary
SBET Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology
SBJT Southern Baptist Journal of Theology
SBL Society of Biblical Literature
ScrB Scripture Bulletin
s/h secondhand
SJT Scottish Journal of Theology
SMU Southern Methodist University
SNTS Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas
SwJT Southwestern Journal of Theology
TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Edited by Gerhard
Kittel and Gerhard Friedrich. Translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley.
10 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964 – 1976
TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Edited by G. Johannes
Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren. Translated by John T. Willis et al.
15 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974 – 2006
TEDS Trinity Evangelical Divinity School
Them Themelios (e-journal as of 2008)
ThTo Theology Today
TJ Trinity Journal
TPI Trinity Press International
TynBul Tyndale Bulletin
U. University
UBS United Bible Societies
vol(s). volume(s)
VT Vetus Testamentum
WJK Westminster John Knox Press
WTJ Westminster Theological Journal
ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
(p.469)
(1) Adapted from Evans, John F. A Guide to Biblical Commentaries and Reference Works: 10th Edition. Vol. 10th edition. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Academic, 2016.
Source:
John F. Evans. A Guide to Biblical Commentaries and Reference Works: 10th Edition. Vol. 10th edition. Grand Rapids:
Zondervan Academic, 2016.
AMEN.
Essential Research Tools for the Whole Bible (1)
1. Five good Bible translations (KJV, NASB, ESV, NRSV, NIV).
2. An analytical concordance, e.g. Young’s concordance.
3. New Bible Dictionary.
4. New Dictionary of Biblical Theology.
5. A Bible Atlas, e.g. The New Moody Atlas of the Bible (2009); Zondervan Atlas of the Bible by Rasmussen (rev. 2010).
6. Geerhardus Vos’s Biblical Theology is outstanding.
7. Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992) for more scholarly research.
8. Vanhoozer, Is There a Meaning in this Text? [JETS 12/01; JBL Fall 01], for contemporary literary theory and the denial of definitive textual meaning.
9. Klein-Blomberg-Hubbard, Introduction to Biblical Interpretation (2004).
10. Vanhoozer, ed. Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible, ed.
11. Zondervan Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, ed. John Beck (2011), or Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, eds. Leland Ryken et al. (IVP, 1998) (optional).
AMEN.
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Bible-Based & Christ-Centred 